Lifson

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• Persistent Low-Level Replication of SIVnef Drives Maturation of Antibody and CD8 T Cell Responses to Induce Protective Immunity against Vaginal SIV Infection.
• CD8 T cell response maturation defined by anentropic specificity and repertoire depth correlates with SIVnef-induced protection.
• Live simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine correlate of protection: local antibody production and concentration on the path of virus entry.
• Location and dynamics of the immunodominant CD8 T cell response to SIVnef immunization and SIVmac251 vaginal challenge.
• ADCC develops over time during persistent infection with live-attenuated SIV and is associated with complete protection against SIV(mac)251 challenge.
• Inhibitory TCR coreceptor PD-1 is a sensitive indicator of low-level replication of SIV and HIV-1.